

Indonesia: Captured Japanese weapons after Japan's World War II surrender and used them in the Indonesian Independence War.Estonia: Ex-Russian stock used in the Estonian War of Independence, later, 24,000 Type 38s were converted to the KL.

Chinese copies were also locally produced. The pro-Japanese Collaborationist Chinese Army also received Type 38 rifles in the 1940s while many more rifles were captured by anti-Japanese forces. The Whampoa Military Academy obtained Type 38s from the Soviet Union as military aid, as did Feng Yu-hsiang's warlord army. The delivery to various warlords continued in the 1920s. Republic of China: Japan sent more than 200,000 Type 38 rifles and carbines to China in 1917-1918, including 125,000 to the central government.Still in service as Type 65 with the Red Guards militia in the 1960s. People's Republic of China: In service during the Chinese Civil War and the Korean War.Burma: used by the anti-British Burmese Independence Army.Total 24,000 rifles were rebored during 1929-1934. 303 British cartridge, intended for usage by second line troops of the Estonian Defence League. In what is now Shenyang) arsenal from 1937 to 1944: 148,800 units (est.) Įstonian conversion of standard Type 38 to.

